The microstructure, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/layered-silicate nanocomposites (PLSN) have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests. The XRD and AFM results indicate that the organically-modified layered silicates are intercalated in the polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix. Also, the crystallization and thermal behavior of PA6 are influenced by the addition of layered silicates into polymer matrix. A silicate-induced crystal transformation from the alpha-form to the gamma-form of PA6 is confirmed by XRD and DSC, i.e., the formation Of gamma crystal is enhanced by the presence of silicates. In comparison to PA6, the thermal property of PLSN has been investigated using DSC. The possible origins of a new silicate-induced endothermic peak are discussed. Tensile tests show that the tensile modulus and yield strength increase while the strain-at-yield decreases with increasing clay loading.