The vigorous development of electronic equipment and wireless communication make the concealment and harm of electromagnetic radiation increasingly prominent, which seriously affects the normal operation of electrical equipment. Therefore, it is momentous to evolve new electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with excellent comprehensive performances. In recent years, two-dimensional layered transition metal carbides, nitride or carbonitrides (MXenes), have received extensive attention in the EMI shielding field because of their outstanding electrical conductivity (σ), hydrophilicity and chemical activity. This review introduces the basic performances of MXenes as well as their precursor MAX. Subsequently, the influences of different precursor MAX and fabrication methods on the structures and properties of MXenes are summarized. Then it focuses on the preparation methods of MXenes and their MXenes/polymer EMI shielding composites and their latest research progress. Finally, the key scientific and technical problems to be solved urgently in MXenes and their MXenes/ polymer EMI shielding composites are proposed, and the development trend of MXenes and their MXenes/ polymer EMI shielding composites is prospected.