2017年西北工业大学理学院应用化学系和美国田纳西大学化学和生物分子工程系、美国橡树岭国家重点实验室等科研机构联合创办Springer-Nature旗下《Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials》期刊，在各位专家学者的支持和关心下，本刊第2期论文正式出版上线。
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A review on thermally conductive polymeric composites: classification, measurement, model and equations, mechanism and fabrication methods
Xutong Yang, Chaobo Liang, Tengbo Ma, Yongqiang Guo, Jie Kong, Junwei Gu, Minjiao Chen, Jiahua Zhu
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 207–230
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0031-8
Abstract：With the fast-developing miniaturization and integration of microelectronics packaging materials, ultrahigh-voltage electrical devices, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and in areas which require good heat dissipation and low thermal expansion, the investigations on the polymeric composites with highly thermal conductivities and excellent thermal stabilities are urgently required, which would be beneficial to transferring the heat to the outside of the products, finally to effectively avoid substantial overheating and prolong their working life. Our article reviews recent progress in the classification, measurement methods, model and equations, mechanisms, commonly used thermally conductive fillers, and the correlative fabrication methods for the thermally conductive polymeric composites, aiming to understand and grasp how to enhance the λ value effectively. And future perspectives, focusing scientific problems and technical difficulties of the present thermally conductive polymeric composites are also described and evaluated.
An overview of structural-functional-integrated composites based on the hierarchical microstructures of plant fibers
Yan Li, Xiaosu Yi, Tao Yu, Guijun Xian
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 231–246
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-017-0020-3
Abstract：Plant fiber-reinforced composites have raised great attention among materials scientists and engineers during the past decade. Most of the efforts were put on the interfacial modifications to improve the mechanical properties of the composites so that they could partly replace the currently largely used glass fiber-reinforced composites. The modifications were mainly focused on the surface treatment of plant fibers so that mechanical or chemical bonding between plant fibers and polymeric matrices could be set up. However, the unique hierarchical microstructures of plant fibers make the building up of multiscale interfaces possible so that more forces or energies would be needed to fracture the plant fiber-reinforced composites. The additional hollow structures could also bring benefits for sound absorption and damping properties. Therefore, this article reviewed R&D efforts to develop structural and functional-integrated plant fiber-reinforced composites by fully taking advantage of the hierarchical microstructures of plant fibers. Firstly, the unique hierarchical structures of plant fibers were revealed and hierarchical theoretical models for mechanical properties were discussed. Then, the modification, characterization, and evaluation of plant fibers in terms of their interfacial properties with polymeric matrices, especially by nanotechnologies with the consideration of their unique hierarchical microstructures, were reviewed. Finally, the design and manufacture of quasi-structures and structural-damping components using technologies that have been fully adapted to state-of-the-art industrial processes for use in critical applications, such as aircraft interiors, rail transportation vehicles, and constructions, were also introduced.
Performance properties and applications of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—a review
E. Dhanumalayan, Girish M. Joshi
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 247–268
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0023-8
Abstract：High-performance commodity polymers are in demand due to low cost, durability, easy productivity, and recycling ability. This article comprises a survey on the performance properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fluoropolymer. It is a well-known choice for coatings, insulation, thermal sealing, lubrication, bearings, and clinical applications. PTFE was engineered in many forms as a function of loading nano and micro fillers for different purposes and the improved properties and performance were addressed by the researchers. Hence, we disclosed the various casting routes of PTFE which is feasible for reliable processing to serve in domestic and industrial applications.
Regulations of silver halide nanostructure and composites on photocatalysis
Yingying Fan, Dongxue Han, Zhongqian Song, Zhonghui Sun, Xiandui Dong, Li Niu
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 269–299
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-017-0005-2
Abstract：The silver halides and their corresponding composites would constitute remarkable photocatalytic systems not only in energy production but also in environmental remediation. The major advantage in these silver halides system is that plasma metal Ag0 species would be spontaneously generated by silver halides under light irradiation, which play dual roles of expanding light absorption range and charge carriers separation. In this tutorial review, the origin and development of silver halides, synthesis methods, construction of composite structures with other materials, photocatalytic applications, and various and controversial mechanisms are all exhaustively described.
Strengthened epoxy resin with hyperbranched polyamine-ester anchored graphene oxide via novel phase transfer approach
Jiao-Xia Zhang, Yun-Xia Liang, Xiaojing Wang, Hai-Jun Zhou, Shi-Yun Li, Jing Zhang, Yining Feng, Na Lu, Qiang Wang, Zhanhu Guo
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 300–309
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-017-0007-0
Abstract：This work investigated the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites embedded with graphene oxide (GO) using a novel two-phase extraction method. The graphene oxide from water phase was transferred into epoxy resin forming homogeneous suspension. Hyperbranched polyamine-ester (HBPE) anchored graphene oxide (GOHBPE) was prepared by modifying GO with HBPE using a neutralization reaction. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the HBPE was successfully grafted to the GO surface. The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the composites demonstrated that GOHBPE played a critical role in mechanical reinforcement owing to the layered structure of GO, wrinkled topology, surface roughness and surface area ascending from various oxygen groups of GO itself, and the inarching of HBPE and the reaction among GO, HBPE, and epoxy resin. The transferred GOHBPE/epoxy resin composites showed 69.1% higher impact strength, 129.1% more tensile strength, 45.3% larger modulus, and 70.8% higher strain compared to that of cured neat epoxy resin. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of GOHBPE/epoxy resin composites was increased from 135 to 141 °C and their damping capacity was also improved from 0.71 to 0.91. This study provides guidelines for the fabrication of strengthened polymer composites using phase transfer approach.
The mechanical behaviors of epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyester (E-HBP) as toughener in different epoxy resins
Min Xia, Huilian Yang, Jian Ling, Qifa Yao, Guoping Li, Yunjun Luo
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 310–319
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0027-4
Abstract：Using epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polymer (E-HBP) to modify epoxy resin (EP) is an effective way to improve the toughness of EP. In the present study, two different epoxy resin systems with E-HBP are researched: a commercial diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin with anhydride as curing agent and a tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) resin with diamine as curing agent. Characterization results show that the addition of E-HBP could improve the mechanical properties of the two epoxy resin systems, such as tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature (Tg ) of the two systems does not decrease. However, the morphology of the tensile fracture surfaces of the two modified systems shows different behaviors. Significant plastic deformation could be observed in the fracture surfaces of the modified DGEBA/anhydride system, and particle cavitations are clearly shown in the fracture surfaces of the modified TGDDM/diamine systems. The analysis of the tensile fracture surfaces suggests that firstly E-HBP participates in the curing process of the modified resin systems, followed by the chemical-induced phase separation; finally, a gradient transition interface layer (GTIL) is formed. Apart from these, during the external loading process, the mechanical behaviors (deformation or cavitation) of the separated E-HBP particles in the modified epoxy resins are affected by the properties of the epoxy matrix itself.
Understanding piezoelectric characteristics of PHEMA-based hydrogel nanocomposites as soft self-powered electronics
Weiwei Zhao, Zhijun Shi, Sanming Hu, Guang Yang, Huifang Tian
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 320–331
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0036-3
Abstract：Piezoelectric hydrogel nanocomposites are being developed as interface for connecting biological organs and electronics because of their flexibility, biocompatibility, and electromechanical behaviours, which allow environmental stimulations to be converted into electronic signals. The vision of this work is to develop a series of piezoelectric hydrogel nanocomposites which is capable of generating electric current in aqueous condition. Conductive nanoparticles have been composited in the PHEMA-based hydrogel. Theoretical models and characterisations on the electromechanical properties of such hydrogel have been investigated to assist the understanding of the piezoelectric mechanisms. The hydrogel nanocomposite was demonstrated as a self-powered motion sensor to quantitatively detect human motion and can be considered as candidate material for soft energy harvesting electronics. Overall, the work presented in this paper provides theoretical basis, design guidelines, and technical support for the development of soft self-powered electronics, thus unlocking the potential of piezoelectric hydrogel nanocomposites.
Surface morphology and beta-phase formation of single polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite nanofibers
Ehsan Ghafari, Xiaodong Jiang, Na Lu
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 332–340
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-017-0016-z
Abstract：This study has developed a reliable model to design and engineer PVDF nanofiber in terms of both morphological and fraction of beta-phase content based on response surface methodology (RSM). The model was further used to assess the effect of each individual electrospinning processing parameter as well as their interdependences on the properties of electrospun PVDF nanofibers. Our experimental results highly agreed with the modeling. The results indicated that both morphological and crystalline properties of PVDF are highly affected by electrospinning process parameters, particularly the fraction of beta-phase content. A beadless PVDF nanofiber with the maximum fraction of the beta phase was achieved through a numerical optimization process.
Strain rate sensitivity of polycarbonate and vinyl ester from dynamic mechanical analysis experiments
Chrys Koomson, Steven Eric Zeltmann, Nikhil Gupta
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 341–346
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0026-5
Abstract：Measuring the strain rate sensitivity of materials is desired to improve the design of polymeric parts in automotive and aerospace structures. In this work, we present a technique for determining the mechanical response of polymers at different temperatures and strain rates by converting frequency-domain dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data to the time domain. Two polymers of practical interest, vinyl ester and polycarbonate, are examined. The modulus of elasticity in the linear region is measured as a function of the applied strain rate and compared to predictions from the DMA transformation technique. Close agreement between the results obtained from the two techniques is observed over the studied range of strain rates. The transformation technique only relies on the assumptions of the linear theory of viscoelasticity and is expected to be applicable to a wide range of polymers and can also be extended to polymer-matrix composites.
Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide/chitosan composite fiber by dry-jet wet spinning
Cuipeng Zhang, Yan Zhang, Xiangyang Hao, Hong Liu, Xiao Lv, Jianfeng Zhu, Wenli Han, Yihe Zhang
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 347–355
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0029-2
Abstract：Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which was nontoxic, reduced from graphene oxide (GO), and decorated was mixed with chitosan (CS) solution to prepare rGO/chitosan (rGO/CS) biocomposite fiber by dry-jet wet spinning. rGO-/genipin-cross-linked CS (rGO/GCS) composite fiber was prepared. The conditions on nontoxic reduction of GO, namely decoration, spinning, drawing, and nontoxic cross-linking, were studied and optimized. The way to disperse rGO homogeneously in spinning solution was discussed. After surface decorating, rGO was covered by CS without reunion. No phase separation in rGO/CS spinning solution was observed. The solution remained stable for a week after being diluted. The decoration of CS was an effective way to achieve homogeneous dispersion of rGO in solution for spinning. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the fibers and their precursors. A series of rGO/CS fibers with a diameter of 0.1 mm were successfully fabricated. The well-dispersed and exfoliated rGO nanosheets were assembled in CS matrix. Both rGO/CS fibers and rGO/GCS fibers maintained the intrinsic fluorescence. Both uncross-linked and cross-linked composite fibers could be bent freely. The work built up the foundation for systematic conductivity and mechanical property research about rGO/CS composite fibers.
Highly efficient charge collection in dye-sensitized solar cells based on nanocomposite photoanode filled with indium-tin oxide interlayer
Haijun Chen, Tao Liu, Bing Wang, Zheting Liu, Yingxiang Li, Qiang Zhao, Ning Wang, Hongcai He, Hu Liu, Zhanhu Guo
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 356–363
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0035-4
Abstract：Owing to the electron scattering at the surface, the grain boundaries, and the defects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), the electron diffusion length in the mesoporous TiO2 layer is shorter than that of TiO2 bulk single crystal, leading to a significantly increased charge recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), herein TiO2 photoanode sandwiching a layer of high-mobility indium-tin-oxide (ITO) granular film to form a TiO2/ITO/TiO2 (TIT) photoanode. A large number of ITO NPs would penetrate deep into the mesoporous TiO2 bottom layer to form the interconnected network, which can be served as high-speed electron transport channels, thereby enhancing the electron transfer and collection abilities. Compared with the reference device assembled with TiO2/TiO2(TT) photoanode, an increase of 14.78% in power conversion efficiency (PCE) was obtained for the optimized TIT device (8.23 vs 7.17%), which can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of faster electron transport and less charge recombination. Moreover, the electron transfer ability of TIT layer was also superior to TiO2-ITO composite photoanode, in which ITO NPs were uniformly dispersed in the TiO2mesoporous layer. Overall, this method paves a facile and effective way to improve the photovoltaic performance for highly efficient DSSCs of practical significance.
Physical investigations on transparent conducting Mo:ZnO thin films
K. Srinivasarao, P. Mohanbabu, P. K. Mukhopadhyay
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 364–373
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0024-7
Abstract：Molybdenum (Mo)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited by radio frequency (r.f.) magnetron sputtering on quartz and Si (100) substrates at two different substrate temperatures (473 and 673 K) and at a fixed combined partial pressure 5 Pa of Argon and O2. The atomic percentage (at.%) of (Mo) in ZnO was increased from 1 to 2 at.%. The results of X-ray diffraction revealed that the ZnO films deposited at 5 Pa at a substrate temperature of 473 K were highly c-axis oriented with a predominant (002) crystallographic orientation. The intensity of (002) decreased with an increase in the atomic percentage of Mo. Moreover, a growth in the (100), (101), (220), and (103) orientations was observed. The energy-dispersive spectrum (EDS) of the Mo:ZnO films deposited at 5 Pa and 473 K was substoichiometric, whereas the films deposited at 673 K were nearly stoichiometric. The surface morphology of the ZnO films is porous when deposited at 473 K. The optical energy gap of the ZnO films deposited at 473 K increased from 3.11 to 3.64 eV with an increase in the atomic percentage of Mo. The electrical resistivity of the ZnO films decreased from 1.7×10?4 to 6.7×10?5 Ωm with an increase in the substrate temperature and atomic percentage of Mo. The thickness of the films measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry is 440 nm.
In-situ synthesis of visible-light responsive Ag2O/graphene oxide nanocomposites and effect of graphene oxide content on its photocatalytic activity
Jahangir Ahmad, Kowsar Majid
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 374–388
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0025-6
Abstract:Ag2O/graphene oxide nanocomposites, as efficient photocatalysts, were prepared by an in situ method using AgNO3 and graphene oxide as reactants under controlled atmosphere. Graphene oxide is synthesised via an eco-friendly method, and the Ag2O nanoparticles displaying elongated spherical morphology are randomly distributed on the surface of GO. The as-synthesised nanocomposites were characterised by different characterisation techniques. The results proved that the concentration of graphene oxide in starting solution displayed an important role in photocatalytic performance of Ag2O/graphene oxide nanocomposites. The nanocomposite materials were found to exhibit very improved photocatalytic activity for degrading methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (Rh-B) under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activities of the composite were higher than that of P25 (a commercial TiO2 as a benchmark photocatalyst). The significantly improved photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites could be attributed to the high charge separation and suppressed recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs due to GO. The effects of reaction parameters such as pH and the effect of different scavengers on the photocatalytic activity of the composite were studied.
Hexagonally patterned mixed surfactant-templated room temperature synthesis of titania–lead selenide nanocomposites
Stephanie R. Aceto, Yang Lu, Radha Narayanan, David R. Hesket, Evan K. Wujcik, Arijit Bose
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 389–396
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0028-3
Abstract:Materials science is becoming a more and more important influencer in electronics, as new synthesis methods and new materials are consistently coming to fruition. In particular, templated synthesis schemes offer unique material options, various alignments, and micro- to nanoscale control over morphology. Surfactant and co-surfactant templating, further, offers the ability to synthesize composite materials via phase separation. Currently, nanoscale manipulation of sophisticated functional materials typically requires energy-intensive or time-intensive processes. The present study illustrates the use of a room temperature synthesis of hexagonally patterned lead selenide-titania nanocomposites, utilizing a versatile mixed surfactant-templating approach. We have found that the level of control of the simple bi-surfactant system presented illustrates the tunability of the micro- and nanostructure. The current system also utilizes a room temperature synthesis—not energy intensive—and the kinetics of the titania precursor reaction with water are extremely fast—not time intensive. Furthermore, while simple, this elegant templated synthesis strategy for creating highly organized composite materials has wide applications beyond the one currently reported, including photocatalysis, photonic crystals, sensors, among others. We anticipate our templated synthesis to be a starting point for more sophisticated nanoelectronic devices. For example, the pores can be impregnated with a variety of nanoparticles or many of the same nanoparticles can be synthesized concurrently and be well dispersed within the template. Furthermore, the templated system presented makes use of titania but can be easily adapted for other metal oxide or ceramic systems by simply changing the precursor.
Broadband optical limiting and nonlinear optical graphene oxide co-polymerization Ormosil glasses
Xingming Sun, Xiujie Hu, Jibin Sun, Zheng Xie, Shuyun Zhou, Ping Chen
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 397–403
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-018-0033-6
Abstract:A class of graphene oxide (GO) Ormosil glasses with excellent nonlinear optical properties were made with sol-gel method. The as-prepared GO Ormosil glasses were highly transparent in visible and near-infrared region, due to the uniform dispersion of modified GO in the matrix. These Ormosil glasses have a broadband optical limiting effect from 532 to 1570 nm, with lower optical limiting onset energy density (FON). The nonlinear absorption coefficients of the Ormosil glass could reach 210.62, 647.96, and 43.10 cm GW?1 at 532, 1064, and 1570 nm. The optical limiting properties of the Ormosil glasses come from nonlinear absorption proved by Z-scan measurements. Therefore, the Ormosil glasses have potential applications in nonlinear optical areas.
Atomic layer deposited TiO2 ultrathin layer on Ag-ZnO nanorods for stable and efficient photocatalytic degradation of RhB
Huilei Zhao, Wei Deng, Ying Li
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2018, 1: 404–413
DOI: 10.1007/s42114-017-0015-0
Abstract:Highly stable and active TiO2-coated Ag-modified ZnO nanorods supported on stainless steel mesh (xTi@Ag-ZnO-SS) were successfully synthesized in this work. A low-temperature one-pot hydrothermal method was used to grow Ag-ZnO on stainless steel mesh, and subsequently, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was applied to deposit a TiO2 layer on the surface of Ag-ZnO-SS. The addition of Ag-enhanced photoactivity via favored charge carrier transfer and the TiO2 layer improved stability through suppressed corrosion under UV irradiation, which was demonstrated by cycling performance for RhB photodegradation in two aspects: morphology and photoactivity. After 10 cycles (2 h/cycle) RhB degradation tests under UV irradiation, all the TiO2-protected ZnO materials maintained more intact nanorods structure and more than 80% of the initial photoactivity in the 1st cycle, whereas the ZnO materials without TiO2 coating were drastically deconstructed and only had 56% of initial photodegradation ability. Comprehensive study indicated that thicker TiO2 layers resulted in higher stability but lower photoactivity due to the inhibited charge transfer. The developed TiO2@Ag-ZnO nanorods immobilized on stainless steel mesh demonstrated a promising strategy for the design of highly stable and active photocatalysts endowed with great industrial scalability and practicality.