Abstract:Thermally conductive aligned cellulose/nanodiamond (CND) plastics were fabricated via gelation transition. The resulting plastic presents an orderly layered structure in which cellulose is highly oriented along the in-plane direction. Nanodiamond (ND) could disperse effectively and form an orderly connection with cellulose because of hydrogen bonding. The thermal conductivity of CND plastic is 5.37 W·m-1·K-1 at only 5 wt% filler content, which is a high level compared with common plastics at filler content below 10 wt%. Moreover, the CND plastic also exhibits remarkable mechanical and insulation properties. Highly thermally conductive plastic with insulation and mechanical properties is of great potential in thermal management fields.