writer：Qiang Peng, Xiangju Liu, Yuancheng Qin, Mingjun Li, Jun Xu, Guanwen Fu and Liming Dai
keywords：Polymer solar cell
source：期刊
specific source：Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011，21，7714-7722.
Issue time：2011年

A series of low band gap copolymers consisting of electron-accepting pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline (PQx) and an electron-donating indolo[3,2-b]carbazole and thiophene units have been designed and synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization. Their optical and electrical properties could also be facilely fine-modulated for photovoltaic application by adjusting the donor/acceptor ratios. UV-vis measurements showed that increasing the content of PQx units led to enhanced absorption. The band gaps obtained from UV-vis spectra, CV scanning, and DFT modeling all indicated a narrowing band gap with increasing the PQx content in the copolymer structure. The photovoltaic solar cells (PSCs) based on these copolymers were fabricated and tested with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/copolymer:PCBM/Ca/Al under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2. The best performance was achieved using P3/[70]PCBM blend (1:3) with Jsc = 9.55 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.81 V, FF = 0.42, and PCE = 3.24%, which is the highest efficiency for the PQx and indolo[3,2-b]carbazole based devices. The present results also indicate that the efficient photovoltaic materials with suitable electronic and optical properties can be achieved by just fine-tuning the ratios of the strong electron-deficient accepters and large-π planar donors.