作者：Yali Zhang, Junwei Gu*
关键字：Smart electromagnetic interference shielding, Dynamic electromagnetic regulation, Stimuli-responsive materials, Adaptive shielding
论文来源：期刊
发表时间：2026年

Yali Zhang, Junwei Gu*. Smart Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials: From Static Protection to Dynamic and Adaptive Electromagnetic Regulation. Future Molecular Science, 2026, 1: 2600013.

https://doi.org/10.68642/ftms.202600013

Abstract

  The rapid development of 5G/6G communications, artificial intelligence, and aerospace technologies has created increasingly dynamic electromagnetic environments, challenging conventional static electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Smart EMI shielding materials provide a promising approach to adaptive electromagnetic protection by dynamically regulating electromagnetic transmission, reflection, and dissipation in response to external stimuli. This Perspective discusses recent progress in mechanically, thermally, and electrically regulated EMI shielding materials, with emphasis on their underlying mechanisms and limitations. Despite these advances, most reported systems rely on predefined stimulus–response relationships and remain unable to adapt autonomously to changing environments. Future opportunities lie in integrating multiple stimuli, environmental adaptation, artificial intelligence, bioinspired architectures, and programmable structures to achieve more precise and versatile electromagnetic regulation. Such developments could shift EMI shielding from passive protection with fixed attenuation toward adaptive electromagnetic management for next-generation communication, electronic, and aerospace technologies.

  随着5G/6G通信、人工智能电子系统及空天装备的快速发展，电磁环境正朝着宽频化、多源化与动态化方向发展，传统静态电磁屏蔽材料主要依赖电磁波反射实现防护，已难以满足复杂服役环境下对动态调控、精准管理和主动响应电磁行为的需求。智能电磁屏蔽材料通过响应外界刺激，可实现电磁参数和屏蔽性能的动态调控，为构建下一代智能电磁防护体系提供了新的发展方向。本文系统性总结了智能电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展，重点分析了力驱动、热驱动和电驱动三类典型调控策略的作用机制及其关键挑战，并进一步展望多刺激协同、自适应调控、人工智能辅助设计以及可编程超材料等未来发展趋势，为下一代智能电磁防护材料的发展提供新的思路。