writer：Shiting Ruan，Mengting Jiang，Shenghong Li，Qingling Mi，Yanjuan Dong, Hou-Y
keywords：Freezing-trapping，Self-assembly strategy，3D biphasic architecture，Cellulose nanocrystals，Diverse-signal sensing
source：期刊
Issue time：2025年
As a highly sensitive signal sensing and input device, electronic skin (e-skin) captures signals and converts them into machine-processable data, which is crucial for human-machine interaction. Unfortunately, traditional biosensors can only capture multiple signals through multiple modules and cannot accurately sense multiple signals based on a single module due to the fundamental reasons of fully enclosed and low-dimensional sensing networks. Herein, freezing-trapped thermally-driven self-assembly strategy for 3D biphasic architecture polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based e-skin with cellulose nanocrystals/polypyrrole (CNC/PPy) is firstly presented to enable diverse-signal sensing. The freeze-trapping strategy, based on freezing-induced immobilization to suppress molecular diffusion and subsequent thermal-driven rearrangement and ordered stacking upon drying, constructs a semi-enclosed, multi-dimensional sensing network capable of strain, pressure, gas, and temperature detection, providing a novel approach to enhance the “tactile” and “olfactory” sensing capabilities of intelligent care robots.