Sb2Se3 nanoribbons have been prepared by a hydrothermal process at 180°C for 20h. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the product was orthorhombic Sb2Se3 phase with lattice constants a=11.747, b=11.799 and c=3.987Å. Field emission scanning electron microscope images show that nanoribbons have diameters in the range of 25–100nm and lengths up to 30μm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image reveals that the nanoribbon was of single crystal and grew along the [001] direction. The peak of absorption appeared at 727nm in the UV-vis spectrum. A possible mechanism on the formation of the nanostructures was also discussed.