Designing Advanced Alkaline Polymer Electrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications-中国聚合物网,论文下载

Designing Advanced Alkaline Polymer Electrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications

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功能高分子

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Althoughthepolymerelectrolytefuelcell(PEFC)isasuperiorpowersourceforelectricvehicles,thehighcostofthistechnologyhasservedastheprimarybarriertothelarge-scalecommercialization.Overthelastdecade.researchershavepursuedlower-costnext-generationmaterialsforfuelcells,andalkalinepolymerelectrolytes(APEs)haveemergedasanenablingmaterialforplatinum-freefuelcells.Tofulfilltherequirementsoffuelcellapplications,theAPEmustbeasconductiveandstableasitsacidiccounterpart,suchasNafion.ThisbenchmarkhasprovedchallengingforAPEsbecausetheconductivityofOH-isintrinsicallylowerthanthatofH+,andthestabilityofthecationicfunctionalgroupinAPEs,typicallyquaternaryammonia(-NR3+),isusuallylowerthanthatofthesulfonicfunctionalgroup(-S03-)inacidicpolymerelectrolytes.Toimprovetheionicconductivity,APEsareoftendesignedtobeofhighion-exchangecapacity(IEC).Thismodificationhascausedunfavorablechangesinthematerials:thesehighIECAPEsabsorbexcessiveamountsofwater,leadingtosignificantswellingandadeclineinmechanicalstrengthofthemembrane.CrosslinkingthepolymerchainsdoesnotcompletelysolvetheproblembecausestableionomersolutionswouldnotbeavailableforPEFCassembly.Inthistalk,wereportourrecentprogressinthedevelopmentofadvancedAPEs,whicharehighlyresistanttoswellingandshowconductivitiescomparablewithNafionattypicaltemperaturesforfuel-celloperation.WehaveproposedtwostrategiesforimprovingtheperformanceofAPEs:self-crosslinkingandself-aggregatingdesigns.Theself-crosslinkingdesignbuildsonconventionalcrosslinkingmethodsandworksforAPEswithhighIEC.Theself-aggregatingdesignimprovestheeffectivemobilityofOH-andbooststheionicconductivityofAPEswithlowIEC.ForAPEswithhighIEC,crosslinkingisnecessarytorestricttheswellingofthemembrane.Inourself-crosslinkingdesign,ashort-rangecross-linker,tertiaryaminogroups,isgraftedontothequaternaryammoniapolysulfone(QAPS)sothatthecrosslinkingprocesscanonlyoccurduringmembranecasting.Thusweobtainboththestableionomersolutionandthecrosslinkedmembrane.Theself-crosslinkedQAPS(xQAPS)possessesatight-bindingstructureandishighlyresistanttoswelling:evenat800C,themembraneswellsbylessthan3%.ForAPEswithlowIEC,thekeyistodesignefficientOH-conductingchannels.Inourself-aggregatingdesign,longalkylside-chainsareattachedtotheQAPS.Basedonboththetransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)observationsandthemoleculardynamics(MD)simulations,theseaddedhydrophobicgroupseffectivelydrivethemicroscopicphaseseparationofthehydrophilicandhydrophobicdomainsandproduceenlargedandaggregatedionicchannels.Theionicconductivityoftheself-aggregatedQAPS(aQAPS)isthree-foldhigherthanthatoftheconventionalQAPSandiscomparabletothatofNafionatelevatedtemperatures(e.g.,greaterthan0.IS/cmat800C).

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2013-09-29 15:58:38

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